A 54- year-old man complains of an acute onset of unilateral eye pain and reduction in visual acuity. Conjunctival injection (eye redness) and a mild-dilated and non-reactive pupil are observed on physical examination. Fundoscopic examination reveals cupping of the optic disc. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of glaucoma, Acetazolamide is administered to decrease the production […]
A 6-year-old boy is seen by a pediatrician because his parents are concerned about his aggressive behavior, hyperactivity, and loss of language skills. He has recently become increasingly unsteady on his feet and has experienced a recent seizure. In addition, slight facial feature coarsening is noted. In which of the following processes is this child
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Case details A 54- year-old man with Type 1 diabetes is referred to an ophthalmologist for evaluation of developing cataract. Blood chemistry results are shown below: Fasting blood glucose 198 mg/dl Hemoglobin A 15 gm/dl Hemoglobin A1c 10% of total Hb Urine ketones Positive Urine glucose Positive Which of the following enzymes is most strongly
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A 65-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is complaining of blurred vision and numbness in his toes. Laboratory results are significant for an increased BUN and creatinine, indicative of renal failure and high HbA1c indicative of chronic persistent hyperglycemia. Out of the several mechanisms proposed, one mechanism responsible for hyperglycemia-induced complications
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A 65-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is complaining of blurred vision and numbness in his toes. Laboratory results are significant for an increased BUN and creatinine, indicative of renal failure and high HbA1c indicative of chronic persistent hyperglycemia. Out of the several mechanisms proposed, one mechanism responsible for hyperglycemia-induced complications
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A 23-year-old bodybuilder visits his physician with complaints of fatigue, depression, insomnia, hair loss, and dry skin. He tells the physician he has been “bulking up” for an upcoming competition, and his meals consist mostly of eight raw eggs along with low-fat milk. The physician suspects biotin deficiency given the patients’ diet and symptoms. Which
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A 23-year-old bodybuilder visits his physician with complaints of fatigue, depression, insomnia, hair loss, and dry skin. He tells the physician he has been “bulking up” for an upcoming competition, and his meals consist mostly of eight raw eggs along with low-fat milk. The physician suspects biotin deficiency given the patients’ diet and symptoms. Which
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