The Viva & Flashcard Vault / Short Answer Questions

Acid-Base Disorders- A Quick Revision

Learning resources, Acid-base balance and imbalance, Library, Quick revisions, The Viva & Flashcard Vault / Short Answer Questions /

Summary Table of Acid-Base Disorders Primary Disorder Defect Causes Effect on pH and Bicarbonate: Carbonic Acid Ratio Compensatory Responses Metabolic Acidosis HCO3⁻ Deficiency High Anion Gap (Acid Gain): – Ketoacidosis (Diabetes, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Fasting) – Lactic Acidosis (Shock, Hypoxia, Seizures) – Renal Failure – Toxins (Alcohol, Methanol, Salicylates) Normal Anion Gap (HCO3⁻ Loss – Hyperchloremic […]

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Nucleotide metabolism- Short-answer questions

Library, Metabolis of Nucleotides, Metabolism of Nucleotides, Short-answer questions, Short-answer questions, The Viva & Flashcard Vault / Short Answer Questions, USMLE Content /

Question 1: What is the initial step in the synthesis of both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides? Answer: The initial step in the synthesis of both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides is the synthesis of PRPP (5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate) from D-ribose-5’-P. Question 2: What is the significance of Mycophenolic acid in purine nucleotide biosynthesis? Answer: Mycophenolic acid is an

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Fructose and Galactose metabolism- Short-answer questions

Library, Energy metabolism, Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Short-Answer questions, The Viva & Flashcard Vault / Short Answer Questions, USMLE Content /

Question 1: What are the two ways fructose exists in food? Answer: Fructose exists in food as a monosaccharide (free fructose) or as a unit of a disaccharide (sucrose). Question 2: What is the name of the transporter protein responsible for fructose absorption in the intestine? Answer: Fructose absorption in the intestine occurs via facilitated

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Fatty acid oxidation and TG breakdown- Short-answer questions

Energy metabolism, Learning resources, Library, Metabolism of lipids, Quick Revision Series, Short-answer questions, Short-Answer questions, The Viva & Flashcard Vault / Short Answer Questions, USMLE Content /

Question 1: Why are triglycerides a more efficient energy storage form compared to glycogen? Answer: Triglycerides are highly reduced and stored in a nearly anhydrous form, yielding about 9 kcal/g upon complete oxidation. In contrast, the polar nature of glycogen leads to greater hydration, reducing its energy storage capacity to about 1/6th that of fat.

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Gluconeogenesis- Short-answer questions

Energy metabolism, Learning resources, Library, Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Question Bank, Question Bank, Quick Revision Series, Short-answer questions, Short-Answer questions, The Viva & Flashcard Vault / Short Answer Questions, USMLE Content /

Question 1: Explain why gluconeogenesis is not simply the reverse of glycolysis. Answer: Gluconeogenesis is not simply the reverse of glycolysis because there are three irreversible reactions in glycolysis that must be bypassed in gluconeogenesis. These irreversible reactions are catalyzed by hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. Gluconeogenesis uses different enzymes to bypass these steps, making

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Short-answers reasoning questions on Fatty acids and Triglycerides synthesis

Energy metabolism, Learning resources, Library, Metabolism of lipids, Quick Revision Series, Short-answer questions, Short-Answer questions, The Viva & Flashcard Vault / Short Answer Questions, USMLE Content /

Question 1:  Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur within the cell? Answer: Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. This is in contrast to fatty acid oxidation, which primarily occurs in the mitochondria. Question 2: What is the primary product of fatty acid synthesis? Answer: The primary product of fatty acid

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