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Autonomic Nervous System: Functions, Divisions, and Clinical Relevance
Author: Dr. Vaishali Khatri
Introduction: Understanding the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a vital part of the human nervous system that operates largely behind the scenes—regulating essential bodily functions without conscious effort. From controlling heart rate and digestion to managing respiratory rate and pupil dilation, the ANS plays a critical role in maintaining internal balance, or homeostasis.
Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches—often referred to as the “fight or flight” and “rest and digest” systems—this intricate network of nerves helps the body respond to internal and external stimuli efficiently. Whether you’re sprinting to catch a bus or relaxing after a meal, the ANS ensures your body reacts appropriately.
In this post, we’ll break down the structure, functions, and clinical significance of the ANS—helping you understand how it keeps the body running smoothly and what happens when things go wrong.
