Theory notes

Tumor markers are essential tools in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. This guide covers the classification of tumor markers, their role in oncology, and easy mnemonics for memorization. Discover how biomarkers like CEA, AFP, CA-125, and PSA help detect and track various cancers. A must-read for medical professionals and students!"

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion of local tissues, and the ability to metastasize to distant organs. This article explores the properties of cancer cells, including loss of apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and genetic instability. It also examines the etiology of carcinogenesis, focusing on radiation, chemical carcinogens, and viral oncogenesis. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for cancer prevention and treatment strategies