Metabolism of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine with Biological and Clinical significance
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Learning resources
Ammonia Disposal – Short-answer questions
Question 1: What is the primary function of the urea cycle in humans? Answer: The urea cycle converts ammonia, a highly toxic byproduct of amino acid metabolism, into urea, a less toxic compound that can be safely excreted in urine. This process is vital for maintaining nitrogen balance in the body. Question 2: Which cellular
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Short-answers reasoning questions on Fatty acids and Triglycerides synthesis
Question 1: Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur within the cell? Answer: Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. This is in contrast to fatty acid oxidation, which primarily occurs in the mitochondria. Question 2: What is the primary product of fatty acid synthesis? Answer: The primary product of fatty acid
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Gluconeogenesis: Pathways, Substrates, and Key Enzymes Explained with mnemonics
Gluconeogenesis is a vital metabolic process that allows the body to synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, ensuring a continuous supply of glucose, especially during fasting or intense exercise. Below, we explore how key substrates enter gluconeogenesis and the role of specific enzymes with easy-to-remember mnemonics to simplify learning. Figure 1: Gluconeogenesis and Its Connection
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ETC Inhibitors, Uncouplers, and Transporter Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Site of Action Inhibitors / Uncouplers Mechanism Mnemonic for Easy Recall Complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase) Rotenone, Piericidin A, Amytal Blocks electron transfer from NADH to CoQ “Rotten Pies Available” (Rotenone, Piericidin A, Amytal block Complex I) Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase) Malonate, Carboxin, TTFA Competes with succinate, preventing electron transfer to CoQ “Malonate Causes Trouble Fast”
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Enzymology Revision (Multiple Choice Questions With Complete Explanations)
Q.1: Glycogen phosphorylase, which mobilizes glycogen for energy, requires which of the following as a cofactor? Adenosyl Cobalamine Coenzyme A Pyridoxal phosphate Tetrahydrofolate Thiamine pyrophosphate Correct Answer: C) Pyridoxal phosphate Explanation: Glycogen phosphorylase is instrumental in the process of glycogenolysis, where it facilitates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate, thereby playing a vital role in
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